Hypotension
ADU-10
Diagnosis
Unexplained drop in blood pressure refractory to initial treatment
Call for help
- Ask: "Who will be the crisis manager?"
- Crisis manager designates checklist reader
Check...
- Measurement artifact
- EtCO2 - adequacy of perfusion
- Heart rate
- If BRADYCARDIA, go to ADU-03
- If TACHYCARDIA, go to ADU-16
- Rhythm
- If PEA, go to ADU-04
- If VF / VT, go to ADU-05
Inspect surgical field for bleeding
- If BLEEDING, go to ADU-09
Run IV fluids wide open
Give vasopressors and titrate to response
- MILD hypotension:
- Give ePHEDrine or phenylephrine
- SIGNIFICANT / REFRACTORY hypotension:
- Administer norepinephrine; consider escalating to add vasopressin or EPINEPHrine
- MILD hypotension:
Turn FiO2 to 100% and minimize volatile anesthetics
Consider...
- Trendelenburg position
- Additional IV access
- Arterial line
- Point of care ultrasound or echocardiography for diagnosis
- Mechanical circulatory support
Drugs
| ePHEDrine | 5 - 25 mg IV - or - |
|---|---|
| ePHEDrine | 50 mg IM x 1 |
| Phenylephrine | BOLUS: 50 - 200 MICROgrams IV |
| Phenylephrine | INFUSION: 0.5-1 MICROgrams/kg/min |
| Norepinephrine | BOLUS: 5 - 20 MICROgrams IV |
| Norepinephrine | INFUSION: 0.05 - 0.5 MICROgrams/kg/min |
| Vasopressin | BOLUS: 1 - 2 units IV |
| Vasopressin | INFUSION: 0.01 - 0.04 units/min |
| EPINEPHrine | BOLUS: 4 - 10 MICROgrams IV |
| EPINEPHrine | INFUSION: 0.01 - 0.1 MICROgrams/kg/min |
| Methylene Blue | 1 - 2 mg/kg in 100mL NS |
| Methylene Blue | over 20 - 60 minutes |
| Methylene Blue | Consider pharmacy consultation |
| Hydrocortisone | 100 mg IV |
| Calcium Gluconate / Calcium Chloride | 1 - 3 g IV0.5 - 1 g IV |
DIFFERENTIAL diagnosis
- Volume / Vasoplegia (Vasodilation)
- Occult bleeding
- Anaphylaxis, go to ADU-02
- Drug overdose or error
- Sepsis
- Hypoxia, go to ADU-11
- Hypocalcemia
- Adrenal insufficienc
- Obesity / positioning
- Reperfusion
- Obstructed Blood Flow
- Mechanical or surgical manipulation
- Insufflation during laparoscopy
- Vascular compression
- Tamponade
- Increased PEEP
- Pneumothorax
- Cardiac Function
- Myocardial ischemia, go to ADU-14
- Heart failure
- Emboli (pulmonary, fat, amniotic, CO2, air), go to ADU-01
- Bone cementing
- Malignant hyperthermia, go to ADU-13